How Does Well Completion Works?

A well completion is a series of procedures carried out on an oil and gas well after it has been drilled and cased to get it ready for production. Running production tubes and downhole tools (such as mandrels, downhole safety valves, pumps, etc.) as necessary is a part of this process. Additionally, the well, often referred to as the frac, is stimulated and perforated. If necessary, it can also involve the circulation of nitrogen and acidification.

Vertechs is a business that offers well completion services to help customers to maximize reservoir performance while lowering costs and downtime by providing creative well completion solutions. Frac plugs, which are tools used during hydraulic fracturing to separate portions of the wellbore and make fractures in the rock formation, are one of Vertech's products. To meet the needs of diverse well completions, dissolvable frac plug is available in a variety of sizes, materials, and designs.

Stages of Well completion procedure:

Well completion is now way easier if it is compared to the previous time. Now, we have advanced technology to produce the well. We have to gather some instruments like dissolvable frac plug, sand, fluid, blenders, pumps, chemicals, and data vans and use them step by step for the completion of the well.
 

The well-completion process is done in many phases and these phases are as follows:

1)Well preparation: This is the initial phase of the well completion process sand, fluids, blenders, pumps, chemicals, data vans, and other frac component parts are put together. The well is also cleaned out at this stage in order to prepare it for the frac by flushing it with a solution of water and acid.

2) Stimulation: This phase is also known as hydraulic fracturing or the frac or frack. In order to make holes in the casing that may contact the surrounding rock, a perforation gun is pumped down during the frac process. After that, fluid (water with surfactants, etc.) and proppant (such as sand) are injected into the well at extremely high pressures. The rock in the area is broken or cracked by the water. The average length of a rock fracture from the wellbore is 250–500 feet, while the longest fracture ever documented is only about 600 meters long.

 

3)3) Drill out: This involves removing any material that was utilized to separate phases of the frac process, which is frequently accomplished using the coiled tubing drill-out technique. A service provider drills through the plug that was used to segregate the various steps in the plug-and-perf stimulation technique. Although some operators employ a dissolvable plug, it seems that the drill-out technique is still the most common at the moment.

4)  Flow back or put online: Putting the well into production is done in this phase. Additionally, it can entail sealing off or soaking the well, which some claim boosts output and EUR (estimated ultimate recovery), or lifetime production, of the well.

Importance of drilling fluid in well completion process:

• The use of drilling fluids, also known as "mud," is crucial to the drilling process. They help to lubricate and cool the drill bit as well as bring the drilling debris to the surface. However, as drilling progresses, drilling fluids may be challenging to manage, and their characteristics that may change rapidly. Fluid monitoring techniques are becoming important in the oil and gas industry for this reason.
• To effectively conduct drilling, drilling fluids are crucial. In doing so, they help to prevent costly and dangerous well-control issues like blowouts. They also help to keep the wellbore stable. In addition, they aid in lubricating and cooling the drill bit, which may lengthen its lifespan and provide more efficient drilling. Furthermore, these fluids help raise drill waste to the surface so that it can be examined for valuable geological data.

The Future of Well Completion:

The procedure for drilling is fairly advanced. The completion phase is the one where we see the fastest breakthroughs and the greatest possibility for optimization, even while drilling continues to benefit from improvements in technologies and processes. It is the stage where optimization can currently produce the most gains in efficiency because it is advancing the most quickly.

We dodge a time when the design of well completion services will be informed by comprehensive wireline data, with greater diversity between stages. A completion design that is, in fact, tailored to the unique properties of each well. In the future, shale wells will likely be competitive in terms of economics with conventional wells, as Mark Mills predicts. We also think that it will be feasible to drill in more shale basins even at current oil and gas prices. In summary, we anticipate a promising future as we follow the trajectory of technological advancement toward less expensive and more effective completion solutions.

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